At least 500,000 babies born in Kenya annually are denied the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, exposing them to life-threatening illnesses such as pneumonia and diarrhoea, health experts have warned.

Despite years of advocacy, the country's exclusive breastfeeding rate has stagnated for over a decade, with a worrying surge in bottle feeding from 22% to 34% posing a serious threat to child survival.

Urban mothers are increasingly delaying breastfeeding after delivery, unlike their rural counterparts, even though early breastfeeding remains one of the most effective public health interventions.

Counties like Vihiga are leading efforts to initiate breastfeeding within the critical first hour after birth, followed closely by Elgeyo Marakwet, Kisii, Busia, and Tana River.

“We must bridge these gaps. Ideally, babies should be breastfed within five minutes after delivery. If not, at least within the first hour this simple act can save lives,” said Prof. Grace Irimu, a pediatrician and researcher.

Kilifi County has emerged as the top performer in exclusive breastfeeding, with nine out of ten infants receiving breast milk only. Nyeri, Kiambu, and Taita Taveta have also posted high rates.

Conversely, counties such as Nakuru, Kisii, and Baringo continue to report low uptake of exclusive breastfeeding, according to Ministry of Health data.

Health officials link the decline to increased reliance on breast milk substitutes, which not only erode breastfeeding culture but also heighten infants’ vulnerability to infections and malnutrition.

“Exclusive breastfeeding remains the most cost-effective and powerful way to ensure child survival in Kenya. But substitutes are reversing our gains,” Prof. Irimu warned.

To curb the trend, the Ministry of Health is partnering with county governments to strengthen community education and encourage early initiation of breastfeeding a move expected to cut down neonatal deaths significantly.

Pediatricians are also pushing for workplace reforms, urging employers to introduce baby-friendly policies such as flexible schedules and designated breastfeeding spaces to support working mothers in meeting the six-month breastfeeding mark.